PL/SQL block structure (DECLARE, BEGIN, EXCEPTION, END) - Foundation for all PL/SQL code (used in 100% of Oracle stored procedures)

Variables and data types - Store intermediate results with %TYPE and %ROWTYPE anchoring (prevents type mismatches)

Control structures (IF/ELSIF/ELSE, CASE, LOOP, FOR, WHILE) - Build conditional logic and iterations (banking systems use for transaction validation)

Procedures vs Functions - Procedures perform actions, functions return values (functions used in 60% of business logic)

Exception handling (WHEN...THEN) - Gracefully handle errors with predefined and custom exceptions (critical for data integrity)

Cursors for row-by-row processing - Fetch and process result sets when set-based operations are not possible (use sparingly, 10-100x slower than bulk)

PL/SQL block structure (DECLARE, BEGIN, EXCEPTION, END) - Foundation for all PL/SQL code (used in 100% of Oracle stored procedures)

Variables and data types - Store intermediate results with %TYPE and %ROWTYPE anchoring (prevents type mismatches)

Control structures (IF/ELSIF/ELSE, CASE, LOOP, FOR, WHILE) - Build conditional logic and iterations (banking systems use for transaction validation)

Procedures vs Functions - Procedures perform actions, functions return values (functions used in 60% of business logic)

Exception handling (WHEN...THEN) - Gracefully handle errors with predefined and custom exceptions (critical for data integrity)

Cursors for row-by-row processing - Fetch and process result sets when set-based operations are not possible (use sparingly, 10-100x slower than bulk)