**Performance:**

- IN with small literal lists: Very fast

- IN with large subqueries: Can be slow

- EXISTS often faster than IN for subqueries

- BETWEEN efficient with indexed columns

- NOT IN with NULL values can cause issues

IN with literals is very fast

EXISTS often faster than IN with subqueries

BETWEEN efficient with indexed columns

Avoid NOT IN with NULL values

Consider JOIN instead of EXISTS for complex cases

NOT IN with NULL returns unexpected results

BETWEEN includes both endpoints

IN with large subqueries can be slow

Forgetting correlation in EXISTS subqueries

Using IN when EXISTS more appropriate