IN with Literal Values

basic

Find orders with specific statuses

SELECT order_id, customer_id, status, total

FROM orders

WHERE status IN ('pending', 'processing', 'shipped')

ORDER BY order_id;

order_id | customer_id | status | total

101 | 1 | pending | 150.00

102 | 2 | shipped | 200.00

103 | 1 | processing | 75.00

IN checks if status matches any value in the list. Cleaner than multiple OR conditions.

All

BETWEEN for Range Filtering

basic

Find products in price range $10-$50

SELECT product_id, product_name, price

FROM products

WHERE price BETWEEN 10 AND 50

ORDER BY price;

product_id | product_name | price

1 | Widget A | 15.00

2 | Widget B | 25.00

3 | Widget C | 45.00

BETWEEN is inclusive (includes 10 and 50). Cleaner than >= AND <= syntax.

All

EXISTS for Related Data

intermediate

Find customers who have placed orders

SELECT c.customer_id, c.name, c.email

FROM customers c

WHERE EXISTS (

SELECT 1 FROM orders o WHERE o.customer_id = c.customer_id

)

ORDER BY c.name;

customer_id | name | email

1 | Alice | alice@email.com

2 | Bob | bob@email.com

EXISTS returns true if subquery finds any matching orders. More efficient than IN for large datasets.

All